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Welcome to Vital Voices’ 16 Days of Activism event series, exploring the issue of Digital Violence Against Women and Girls. This series shines a spotlight on advocates who are championing solutions to support survivors and drive meaningful change.
Types of Violence Against Women and Girls
Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) impacts millions globally, with one in three women experiencing physical or sexual violence in their lifetime. GBV is any harm or suffering directed at individuals based on their gender, disproportionately affecting women, girls, and marginalized communities. GBV takes various forms that deprive individuals of their human rights and dignity. Here’s a breakdown of the 16 types of GBV.
Digital Violence
Technology-facilitated GBV (TFGBV) – often referred to as cyber violence or online abuse – refers to harmful acts directed at women and girls through digital platforms, including harassment, stalking, and the dissemination of threatening or abusive content. This form of violence can have profound emotional and psychological effects, exacerbating feelings of fear and isolation, and often limits their ability to engage freely and safely in online spaces. For 2025, UN Women is focusing on raising awareness around digital gender-based violence as part of its UNiTE campaign. Click here to learn more.
Physical Violence
Physical violence refers to the intentional use of force against an individual, causing injury or harm. This form of violence disproportionately affects women and girls, often manifesting in domestic abuse, sexual assault, and other harmful acts, leading to serious physical injuries and long-term psychological effects.
Sexual Violence
Physical violence refers to the intentional use of force against an individual, causing injury or harm. This form of violence disproportionately affects women and girls, often manifesting in domestic abuse, sexual assault, and other harmful acts, leading to serious physical injuries and long-term psychological effects.
Psychological / Emotional
Physical violence refers to the intentional use of force against an individual, causing injury or harm. This form of violence disproportionately affects women and girls, often manifesting in domestic abuse, sexual assault, and other harmful acts, leading to serious physical injuries and long-term psychological effects.
Physical Violence
Physical violence refers to the intentional use of force against an individual, causing injury or harm. This form of violence disproportionately affects women and girls, often manifesting in domestic abuse, sexual assault, and other harmful acts, leading to serious physical injuries and long-term psychological effects.
Human Trafficking
Human trafficking involves the exploitation of individuals through coercion, deception, or force for purposes such as forced labor, sexual exploitation, or involuntary servitude. Women and girls are disproportionately affected by trafficking, often facing severe physical and psychological harm, and it perpetuates cycles of abuse and vulnerability within communities.
Honor-Based Violence
Honor-based violence refers to acts of violence committed against individuals, often women and girls, to protect or restore the perceived honor of a family or community. This violence can take various forms, including physical abuse, forced marriage, and even murder, and is rooted in cultural beliefs about gender roles and family reputation.
Femicide
Femicide is the intentional killing of women and girls because of their gender, often rooted in systemic gender inequality and societal norms that devalue female lives. This form of violence can take many forms, including domestic violence, sexual violence, and so-called “honor killings,” and it reflects broader issues of misogyny and discrimination in society.
Intimate Partner Violence (IVP)
One of the most common forms of GBV, intimate partner violence involves violence inflicted by a current or former spouse. This abuse can be physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, or economic, and it often seeks to establish power and control over the other partner. IPV can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status, and it can have severe and lasting effects on the victims’ physical and mental well-being.
Child Marriage
Child marriage refers to the practice of marrying individuals, typically girls, before the age of 18, often without their full consent. This harmful practice can lead to a range of negative consequences, including interrupted education, increased health risks during pregnancy and childbirth, and a higher likelihood of experiencing domestic violence, ultimately limiting the opportunities and autonomy of young women.
Reproductive Coercion
Reproductive coercion refers to behaviors that interfere with an individual’s reproductive autonomy, such as sabotaging contraceptive methods or pressuring a partner to become pregnant against their wishes. This type of coercion often occurs in the context of intimate partner violence.
Stalking
Stalking is a pattern of repeated, unwanted attention and contact that causes fear or distress to the victim. This behavior can include following, monitoring, or harassing an individual, and it often escalates over time, leading to serious emotional and physical consequences for those targeted.
Sexual Harassment
Sexual harassment refers to unwelcome and inappropriate sexual advances, comments, or behaviors that create a hostile or intimidating environment. This harmful behavior can lead to significant emotional distress, decreased confidence, and barriers to participation in education and the workplace, ultimately undermining the safety and autonomy of women and girls.
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
FGM/C, also known as female circumcision, is the practice in which a female is subjected to a procedure involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for nonmedical reasons, whether committed within or outside of a medical institution. FGM is a part of the coming-of-age ritual for women in some cultures, but it is performed on girls of all ages, from infants to adults.
Sexual Exploitation
Sexual exploitation involves exploiting individuals, often through coercion or manipulation, to engage in sexual activities for financial or personal gain. This form of violence primarily impacts women and girls, resulting in significant physical and emotional harm, while also reinforcing cycles of abuse, poverty, and societal stigma.
Forced Prostitution
Forced prostitution involves compelling an individual to engage in commercial sexual activities against their will, often through coercion, manipulation, or violence. This form of exploitation is a severe violation of human rights and is closely linked to human trafficking and other forms of gender-based violence.
Join the Fight to End Digital Violence Against Women and Girls
Learn More About Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence (TFGBV)
Click the link below to read through a factsheet Vital Voices created in partnership with the Institute of Global Politics (IGP), along with recommendations for how to address the issues.
Background on UN Women's 2025 Campaign
This year’s campaign is also a reminder that digital safety is central to gender equality. Violence against women and girls affects one in three women. It is a global human rights emergency that must stop. As the world marks the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action – one of the most progressive international agreements on women’s rights to date – the UN Secretary-General’s UNiTE 2025 campaign focuses on one of the fastest-growing forms of abuse: digital violence against women and girls.